We will be providing unlimited waivers of publication charges for accepted research articles as well as case reports and case series related to COVID-19. Considerable compositional variability exists across the range of feedstocks. Biodiesel has promising lubricating properties and cetane ratings compared to low sulfur diesel fuels. A. Pollardo, H. Lee, D. Lee et al., “Solvent effect on the enzymatic production of biodiesel from waste animal fat,”, J. Sacramento Rivero, A. Eastmond-Spencer, J. Becerril García, and F. Navarro-Pineda, “A three-dimensional sustainability evaluation of jatropha plantations in Yucatan, Mexico,”, M. F. Elkady, A. Zaatout, and O. Balbaa, “Production of biodiesel from waste vegetable oil via KM micromixer,”, X. Fan, R. Burton, and G. Austic, “Preparation and characterization of biodiesel produced from fish oil,”, C. E. Enascuta, E. Stepan, I. Bolocan et al., “Simultaneous production of oil enriched in ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and biodiesel from fish wastes,”, C. Swaminathan and J. Sarangan, “Performance and exhaust emission characteristics of a CI engine fueled with biodiesel (fish oil) with DEE as additive,”, F. Preto, F. Zhang, and J. Wang, “A study on using fish oil as an alternative fuel for conventional combustors,”, S. Ushakov, H. Valland, and V. Æsøy, “Combustion and emissions characteristics of fish oil fuel in a heavy-duty diesel engine,”, C. Y. Lin and R. J. Li, “Engine performance and emission characteristics of marine fish-oil biodiesel produced from the discarded parts of marine fish,”, J. F. Costa, M. F. Almeida, M. C. M. Alvim-Ferraz, and J. M. Dias, “Biodiesel production using oil from fish canning industry wastes,”, R. Yahyaee, B. Ghobadian, and G. Najafi, “Waste fish oil biodiesel as a source of renewable fuel in Iran,”, A. For the 12 biodiesel types reviewed here, it was shown that several fuel properties – including viscosity, specific gravity, cetane number, iodine value, and low temperature performance metrics – are highly correlated with the average unsaturation of the FAME profiles. However, to ensure satisfactory in-use performance with respect to low temperature operability and oxidative stability, biodiesel should contain relatively low concentrations of both long-chain saturated FAME and poly-unsaturated FAME.
To ensure quality biodiesel, there are standards for testing the fuel properly to see that it meets specifications for use. B. Fadhil, E. T. B. Al-Tikrity, and M. A. Albadree, “Transesterification of a novel feedstock, A. The chemical and instrumental analyses showed that produced biodiesel complies with the European standard EN-14214 with respect to the physicochemical properties and mineral composition and methyl esters, which guarantees the proper functioning of the engine. However, to ensure satisfactory in-use performance with respect to low temperature operability and oxidative stability, biodiesel should contain relatively low concentrations of both long-chain saturated FAME and poly-unsaturated FAME. Turn, “Oxidation stability of biodiesel derived from waste catfish oil,”, L. T. Thanh, K. Okitsu, Y. Sadanaga et al., “A new co-solvent method for the green production of biodiesel fuel-optimization and practical application,”, G. P. Maniam, N. Hindryawati, I. Nurfitri et al., “Utilization of waste fat from catfish (Pangasius) in methyl esters preparation using CaO derived from waste marine barnacle and bivalve clam as solid catalysts,”, S. Shabanikakroodi, A. Christianus, C. P. Tan et al., “Refined oil production from patin catfish (, B. O. V. A. Hemung and S. Pariwat, “Chemical properties and fatty acid profile of lipids extracted from freshwater fish species. Infrared spectrum of fuels produced: (a) Amazon sailfin catfish biodiesel; (b) Amazon sailfin catfish oil. Fuels with higher lubricity may increase the usable life of high-pressure fuel injection equipment that relies on the fuel for its lubrication. This allows to significantly reduce the environmental impact of this species in the subject geographical area. However, some algal species contain considerably higher levels of poly-unsaturated FA than is typically found in vegetable oils. The low value obtained from K+ and Na+ is due to the subsequent purification, products of the washing of biodiesel by extraction with an ionic resin (Amberlite Dry 10).
On the contrary, for the metal ions Mn, Fe, Cu, and Zn, low concentrations were observed (Table 5), so it can be considered that they do not affect the quality of the ASC-B. Differences in chemical and physical properties among biodiesel fuels can be explained largely by the fuels’ FA profiles. Likewise, the authors thank the Chemical Research Center (CIQ) of the Autonomous University of the State of Morelos for performing the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analyses. Much less information is available regarding the FA profiles of algal lipids that could serve as biodiesel feedstocks. Besides, since it is a species that is not usable for human consumption, it does not conflict with the demand for food production, unlike other raw materials considered for the development of biodiesel. For example, coconut, palm and tallow contain high amounts of saturated FA; while corn, rapeseed, safflower, soy, and sunflower are dominated by unsaturated FA.